Free Papua Movement members. Eight Indonesian soldiers were killed on February 21 in West Papua.
The attacks were claimed by the armed wing of the Free Papua Movement
(TPN-OPM).
The attacks came after a series of violent crackdowns by Indonesian
authorities on a growing movement of peaceful protest by Papuans calling
for end to Indonesian occupation and for self-determination.
In the first attack, a military post in Tingginambut, Puncak Jaya, was raided. One soldier was killed and another injured.
About an hour later, another armed group ambushed Indonesian
soldiers. Seven soldiers and four civilians being escorted by them were
reported killed.
The
Jakarta Globe reported
that Papua Police Chief Tito Karnavian said Goliat Tabuni, head of
TPN-OPM, had personally claimed responsibility for the killings in a
phone call, linking the attacks to the recent district elections. The
election ballots were due to be counted two days after the attacks.
The TPN-OPM, however, released a statement that day denying any link
to the elections. The statement, signed by Teryanus Satto, claimed the
shooting of soldiers in Puncak Jaya was carried out by the TPN-OPM under
its commander, General Goliat Tabuni, and had nothing to do with the
district's elections or anywhere else in Papua.
However, it said the TPN-OPM “do reject the programs of the
Indonesian government, including the district elections in Puncak Jaya
or elsewhere in Papua land”.
In
a statement to West Papua Media,
TPN-OPM spokesperson Nikolas Tabuni said the area of the new military
post is “formally claimed to be owned by the TPN OPM” and is “under
indigenous customary law of the indigenous community of that area”.
Tabuni said the Indonesian military ignored TPN-OPM’s letter asking for the post to be abandoned, leading to the attack.
The
Jakarta Globe
reported newly elected governor Lukas Enembe saying the problems in the
province were as much due to high unemployment, poverty, and
underdevelopment, as pro-independence and anti-government sentiments.
The paper said the Central Statistics Bureau found the poverty rate
in Papua province was 31% as of September last year. More than 1.1
million people in the territories two provinces live below the poverty
line.
Enembe said: “As long as Papua is still seen as a land to make profit, the problems here will not go away.”
He also drew attention to rampant corruption impeding development. The
Jakarta Post reported
that this was raised by the Regional Representatives Council (DPD).
Papua DPD member Ferdinanda Ibo Yatipay said: “Ten years after the
granting of special autonomy status [to West Papua], no new
infrastructure in the transportation, education and health sectors has
been built, while the largest chunk of special autonomy funds has been
used to finance the bureaucracy or been stolen by corrupt local elites
and powerful officials from Jakarta.”
DPD deputy chairperson Laode Ida also urged the withdrawal of
non-garrison, elite troops from West Papua as essential to stopping the
violence, saying, “Their presence and their irregular operations have
triggered attacks on garrison troops and innocent civilians”.
Indeed, the
Jakarta Post reported
Indonesian Military (TNI) commander Admiral Agus Suhartono
acknowledging that the soldier killed in Tingginambut was a member of
the army's Special Forces Command (Kopassus). This unit’s activities
have drawn condemnation from human rights groups for atrocities
committed throughout Indonesia, as well as West Papua.
However, Suhartono denied that Kopassus' presence at the military
post meant the force had been carrying out special operations in the
region, saying: “The slain Kopassus member had been stationed there for
quite a long time.”
The
Jakarta Globe reported
that President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono told a cabinet meeting that the
government would seek to improve the living standards of Papuans and
would not use a military approach to restore peace in the affected
provinces.
However, Djoko Suyanto, the coordinating minister for political,
legal and security affairs, said in a press conference that the
government is prepared to send more weapons and made it clear that the
government has “a clear and firm stance on any party who is trying to
disrupt public security or refuses to acknowledge the sovereignty of the
unitary state of Indonesia in Papua”.
Despite the president's words, Indonesia's devotion to protecting its
"unitary state" despite the wishes of the Papuan people who were
forcibly incorporated into Indonesia in a fraudulent "act of free
choice" in 1969 means the wishes of the Papuan people will continue to
go unheeded.
In its statement on its attacks, the TPN-OPM said it was, “not asking
for anything from the government of Indonesia. TPN-OPM demands the
political rights of the Papua nation for independence and to be fully
sovereign so that they sit equal with other countries in the world.”
West Papua Regional Legislative Council deputy chairperson Jimmy Demianus Ijie said in the Jakarta Globe: “We've never enjoyed Indonesia's independence. What we have is only blood and tears.
“Let's talk about our unity. Why is the government afraid of opening a
dialogue with Papua? Today, there are many military personnel in plain
clothes in Papua, as if a big war is happening here.”
He said the Papuan people love Indonesia, but want to be freed from
poverty and to look after the interests of future generations.
Ijie calls for dialogue and equality within the Indonesian state, but
reports of a huge military operation in the areas of the shootings
shows why many Papuans support independence as the solution to the
conflict.
West Papua Media said that at least 1000 TNI troops are occupying
villages around Puncak Jaya, searching for suspects to the shootings.
Villagers are being forced to hand over food and subjected to
interrogation.
It seems that Yudhoyono’s benevolent words are not being realised on
the ground. According to WPM sources, as of February 26, at least 18
houses, five churches, two schools and a library have been razed by the
combined police/TNI forces.
Animals and food gardens are also being destroyed, sparking fears of
an impending humanitarian disaster. Thousands of local people have
already fled their homes. The occupied villages could potentially be
used as staging posts for destroying the TPN.
